![]() ![]() The RS-232 link was initially intended to support modem and printer applications on IBM PCs, however, it now enables a variety of peripherals to communicate with PCs. RS-232 Electrical Specifications and a Typical Connection This article discusses the different standards (electrical physical-layer specifications), explains how to convert from one standard to another standard, and demonstrates how to combine different standards within the same application. For control and instrumentation applications, however, it is often necessary to communicate between the standards. These standards are not directly compatible. Similarly, the RS-485 and RS-422 are among the most successful standards for industrial applications. Perhaps the most successful serial-data standard for PC and telecom applications is the RS-232. As serial-data standards tend to evolve separately within particular industries, we thus have more standards than we should. "The great thing about standards is there are so many to choose from." This statement was made at a recent conference on fiber optics, and it holds true for electrical-interface standards as well. ![]()
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